Reconciliation of movements in shareholders funds
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| for the year ended 31 December | | 1998 £m | 1997 £m | 1996 £m |
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| Retained profit | | 181 | 200 | 252 |
| Translation differences (debited)/credited directly to reserves | | (1) | 2 | (28) |
| Return of surplus capital to shareholders | | (1,482) | | |
| Shares issued during the year | | 13 | 22 | 23 |
| Shares repurchased during the year | | | (21) | |
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| Net (reduction)/addition to shareholders equity | | (1,289) | 203 | 247 |
| Opening shareholders equity | | 1,661 | 1,458 | 1,211 |
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| Closing shareholders equity | | 372 | 1,661 | 1,458 |
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